Sunday, 28 October 2012

Effects of infinity demand for petroleum.


           PETRONAS started supplying petrol to all Malaysian since 1974 and ever since then, all Malaysian have been able to use cheaper fuel compare to neighbouring country. Fuels are natural resources aging back to centuries and it is a non-renewable resource, furthermore it is used mainly as a power source for most vehicles in the world therefore its demand is very high. Unfortunately, fuels are limited resources whereas demand for fuel are unlimited therefore creating some serious problem in the fuel price.  
           Oil supplies are considered necessity good now days and are resources that is depleting while the price are on the rise. With the resource depleting, the demand for fuel still grows continues to grow at a rate of 4% a year, therefore increasing the chance of changing the country into a pure importer country in the near future. According to the data above, we can conclude that this is an inelastic demand curve because the percentage change in the quantity demanded is smaller than the percentage change in the price   ([RM2.70/RM1.92]*100), therefore making the quantity demanded for a product to barely respond or respond very little to the changes in the price of the product.
            Since this is an inelastic demand curve in addition to the fact fuel is a necessity good and it is an oligopoly market in Malaysia, whereby only a few firms such as Petronas, BHP and Shell controls a large market, suppliers have the higher hand because they could manipulate the price all they want while the demand of fuel will not change much because the substitute for fuel is hard to find. Even though substitute such as hybrid cars uses very little fuel which is an alternative way to solve the fuel problem, the price for these vehicles are very high, not to mention the spare part that will cost them a fortune when a system breaks down. Furthermore, after some research that I’ve done, I realise that consumers only hear that these hybrid vehicles run on a special battery which cuts down fuel consumptions, what they don’t hear is that these special battery are required to be change after 100,000 miles of travelling, required constant maintenance and the cost for these batter is around $15,000. We can now safely conclude there are little substitute to the fuel problem in the market therefore forcing all consumers to purchase fuel even though the price are high in order to fulfil their daily activity.
              In order to protect the public interest and to ensure the public are not over charged, the government intervention is necessary to helps the citizen by subsidising the fuel and imposing a price ceiling for fuel sale within the country. I believe the effort taken by the government will help the locals a lot by just maintaining a 30-sen per litre discount from market price(RM3.00) and imposing a price ceiling for fuel, in other words, the maximum price sale of fuel would be at RM2.70 a litre. With those actions, the government are now aiding the middle income and lower income people which could use the excess money to buy more necessity good to increase their daily living standard.
            Furthermore, the fuel not only causes problem to individuals, it also causes problem to big companies such as the Penang Freight Forwarders Association (PFFA). Many people know fuel is the main “money generator” for Transportation Company, thus making me to conclude that the Penang Freight Forwarders Association (PFFA) was one of the many victims which were affected by fuel problem and the recent Europe Crisis. The reason why PFFA has to worry so much about the fuel price increase is because when prices of fuel increases, all transportation companies such as PFFA will have additional operational costs and some of this cost might be passed on to its customers thus making some of PFFA business partner and customers to have a thought of withdrawing due to the increase in operational cost and decrease in revenue.
            According to the graph above, we can conclude that PFFA will decrease its’ supply to meet the new market equilibrium. If PFFA tries to maintain at the old equilibrium, a surplus will occur between the old market equilibrium and the new market equilibrium as the demand for PFFA service drops along with the supply of PFFA service.
            Furthermore, PFFA main cargos are electronic chip, and with the recent Europe crisis which has seemingly no end, thus making the demand for these chips to “drop like stones” and pulling down PFFA profits. Electronic chips are used in electronic equipment such as laptop and ultra-book and with the Europe crisis pulling down so many companies; it directly causes a sudden drop in many citizens’ salary which leads to the decrease in demand for electronic chips. In my opinion, when salaries go down, it turns computer into a luxury good; when demand of a luxury good drops, sales of all complementary good such as electronic chip of computer will drop as well. As this is a well proved situation, I believe that as long as the Europe crisis continues, demand for PFFA service will continue to drop because the incomes for many thousand people are on the fall.
            Overall, according to my point of view, I think it is safe to assume that the increase in fuel price will affect many parties. Governments need to take action against the people responsible for causing the sudden increase in fuel price because fuel is widely used to accomplish daily activities. Government could help supplier by approving their loan and giving financial aid; imposing price ceiling to help consumer to survive from conditions that could make necessity product unattainable.


Original article link: http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/6/5/nation/21461533&sec=nation

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